JDK 21 到 JDK 25:Java 最新特性一文全览
JDK 21 to JDK 25: A Complete Overview of Java's Latest Features
| iDev Team | 2026-07-25T09:00:00
从 JDK 21 的虚拟线程正式发布到 JDK 25 的值类型预览,Java 在过去两年进化飞速。本文梳理每个版本的核心特性,帮你快速跟上节奏。
From JDK 21's official virtual threads to JDK 25's value types preview, Java has evolved rapidly over the past two years. This article covers the core features of each version to help you keep up.
JDK 21(2023.09 LTS)虚拟线程(正式版):轻量级线程,百万并发不是梦Record Patterns:在 switch 和 instanceof 中解构 RecordPattern Matching for switch(正式版)Sequenced Collections:有序集合的统一接口JDK 22(2024.03)Unnamed Variables:var _ = someMethod()Statements before super():构造函数中 super() 前可执行语句Stream Gatherers(预览):自定义 Stream 中间操作JDK 23(2024.09)Primitive Types in Patterns(预览)Structured Concurrency(预览):结构化并发编程模型Scoped Values(预览):替代 ThreadLocal 的新方案JDK 24(2025.03)Stream Gatherers(正式版)Compact Object Headers(实验):对象头从 128 位压缩到 64 位Ahead-of-Time Class Loading:提升启动速度JDK 25(2025.09 LTS)Value Types(预览):轻量级值对象,减少堆分配Stable Values API:延迟初始化的不可变值Structured Concurrency(正式版预期)升级建议对于企业项目,建议从 JDK 17 直接升级到 JDK 21(LTS),然后在 JDK 25 发布后评估再次升级。注意 JDK 21 移除了部分废弃 API,升级前需检查兼容性。
JDK 21 (2023.09 LTS)Virtual Threads (GA): Lightweight threads enabling millions of concurrent tasksRecord Patterns: Deconstruct Records in switch and instanceofPattern Matching for switch (GA)Sequenced Collections: Unified interface for ordered collectionsJDK 22 (2024.03)Unnamed Variables: var _ = someMethod()Statements before super(): Execute statements before super() in constructorsStream Gatherers (Preview): Custom intermediate Stream operationsJDK 23 (2024.09)Primitive Types in Patterns (Preview)Structured Concurrency (Preview): Structured concurrent programming modelScoped Values (Preview): New alternative to ThreadLocalJDK 24 (2025.03)Stream Gatherers (GA)Compact Object Headers (Experimental): Object headers compressed from 128 to 64 bitsAhead-of-Time Class Loading: Improved startup speedJDK 25 (2025.09 LTS)Value Types (Preview): Lightweight value objects reducing heap allocationStable Values API: Lazily initialized immutable valuesStructured Concurrency (GA expected)Upgrade AdviceFor enterprise projects, we recommend upgrading directly from JDK 17 to JDK 21 (LTS), then evaluating a further upgrade after JDK 25 releases. Note that JDK 21 removed some deprecated APIs — check compatibility before upgrading.