Kubernetes生产环境运维实践手册
Kubernetes Production Operations Handbook
| iDev Tech | 2026-07-08T10:00:00
基于实际生产经验总结的K8s运维手册，涵盖集群管理、监控告警、故障排查和安全加固。
A hands-on K8s operations handbook based on real production experience, covering cluster management, monitoring, troubleshooting, and security hardening.
集群架构设计生产环境建议至少3个Master节点（高可用），Node节点根据负载弹性伸缩。Etcd独立部署，使用SSD存储。网络插件推荐Calico（支持Network Policy），Ingress使用Nginx Ingress Controller。监控告警体系Prometheus + Grafana + AlertManager组合：Prometheus采集指标、Grafana可视化、AlertManager处理告警路由。重点监控指标：Pod重启次数、节点CPU/内存使用率、API Server延迟、PV使用率。安全加固启用RBAC权限控制；使用Network Policy限制Pod间通信；定期更新集群版本；镜像扫描（Trivy/Clair）；Pod Security Standards替代旧版PodSecurityPolicy。
Cluster Architecture DesignProduction environments should have at least 3 Master nodes (HA), with Worker nodes auto-scaling based on load. Deploy Etcd independently with SSD storage. Calico is recommended for networking (Network Policy support), with Nginx Ingress Controller for ingress.Monitoring and AlertingPrometheus + Grafana + AlertManager stack: Prometheus collects metrics, Grafana visualizes, AlertManager handles alert routing. Key metrics: Pod restart counts, node CPU/memory utilization, API Server latency, PV usage.Security HardeningEnable RBAC; use Network Policies to restrict pod-to-pod communication; regularly update cluster versions; image scanning (Trivy/Clair); Pod Security Standards replacing deprecated PodSecurityPolicy.