Java 21到Java 23:新特性演进全景

Java 21 to 23: A Panoramic View of New Features

| iDev Tech | 2026-04-28T10:00:00

回顾Java 21至Java 23的重要新特性,包括虚拟线程、模式匹配、结构化并发和值类型。

Review of major features from Java 21 to 23 including virtual threads, pattern matching, structured concurrency, and value types.

Java 21 (LTS)虚拟线程(JEP 444):轻量级线程,一个JVM可运行数百万个虚拟线程。模式匹配for switch(JEP 441):switch表达式支持类型模式和守卫条件。Record Patterns(JEP 440):在pattern matching中解构Record类型。字符串模板(Preview)。Java 22Unnamed Variables(JEP 456):使用下划线_忽略不需要的变量。Stream Gatherers(Preview):自定义中间操作扩展Stream API。Foreign Function & Memory API成为正式特性。Java 23Scoped Values(Preview):替代ThreadLocal的更安全的线程间数据共享机制。Structured Concurrency(Preview):将相关的并发任务视为一个工作单元,简化错误处理和取消操作。Primitive Types in Patterns。


Java 21 (LTS)Virtual Threads (JEP 444): Lightweight threads allowing millions per JVM. Pattern Matching for switch (JEP 441): switch expressions with type patterns and guards. Record Patterns (JEP 440): Destructuring Record types in pattern matching. String Templates (Preview).Java 22Unnamed Variables (JEP 456): Use underscore _ to ignore unneeded variables. Stream Gatherers (Preview): Custom intermediate operations extending Stream API. Foreign Function & Memory API becomes a standard feature.Java 23Scoped Values (Preview): A safer alternative to ThreadLocal for inter-thread data sharing. Structured Concurrency (Preview): Treating related concurrent tasks as a single unit of work, simplifying error handling and cancellation. Primitive Types in Patterns.

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