生成式AI的合规挑战：全球监管政策对比分析
Generative AI Compliance: A Global Regulatory Policy Comparison
| iDev Research | 2026-07-28T14:00:00
梳理全球主要经济体对生成式AI的监管框架和合规要求，为企业AI合规提供参考。
Mapping generative AI regulatory frameworks across major economies, providing compliance guidance for enterprises.
欧盟AI法案欧盟AI法案（EU AI Act）已于2025年全面生效，将AI系统分为不可接受风险、高风险、有限风险和最低风险四个等级。生成式AI（GPAI模型）需要满足透明度要求、版权合规和安全评估等义务。美国监管路径美国采取行业自律+行政命令的模式。拜登行政命令要求大型AI模型训练前向政府报告，各州也在推进各自的AI法案。加州的AI透明度法案是目前最严格的州级法规。亚太地区新加坡推出AI治理框架2.0，以自愿采纳为主。中国实施了生成式AI管理办法，要求算法备案和内容安全审查。马来西亚正在制定国家AI政策框架，预计2026年底出台。
EU AI ActThe EU AI Act came into full effect in 2025, classifying AI systems into four risk levels: unacceptable, high, limited, and minimal risk. Generative AI (GPAI models) must meet transparency requirements, copyright compliance, and safety assessment obligations.US Regulatory ApproachThe US follows an industry self-regulation + executive order model. The Biden executive order requires large AI model developers to report to the government before training. States are advancing their own AI bills, with California's AI Transparency Act being the strictest state-level regulation.Asia-PacificSingapore launched AI Governance Framework 2.0, primarily voluntary. China implemented Generative AI Management Measures requiring algorithm registration and content safety reviews. Malaysia is developing a national AI policy framework, expected by end of 2026.