PostgreSQL vs MySQL：2026 年技术选型深度对比
PostgreSQL vs MySQL In-Depth Technical Comparison for 2026
| iDev Team | 2026-08-02T08:08:00
PostgreSQL 和 MySQL 各有所长。本文从性能、功能、生态、运维成本四个维度进行深度对比，帮你做出正确的数据库选型决策。
PostgreSQL and MySQL each have their strengths. This article provides an in-depth comparison across performance, features, ecosystem, and operational cost to help you make the right database choice.
两者的定位差异 MySQL 以"简单、快速、可靠"著称，是 Web 应用的默认选择。PostgreSQL 则以"功能丰富、标准兼容"闻名，在复杂查询和数据完整性方面更胜一筹。 性能对比 读写性能 在简单的 CRUD 操作中，MySQL（特别是 InnoDB 引擎）的读写性能略优于 PostgreSQL。但在复杂查询（多表 JOIN、子查询、窗口函数）方面，PostgreSQL 的查询优化器明显更强。 并发处理 PostgreSQL 的 MVCC 实现更成熟，在高并发写入场景下表现更稳定。MySQL 在高并发读场景下更有优势。 功能对比 功能PostgreSQLMySQL JSON 支持JSONB（可索引，性能优秀）JSON（功能改善中） 全文搜索内置，支持中文分词内置，中文需插件 GIS 支持PostGIS（业界标杆）基础空间函数 扩展性插件生态丰富相对有限 复制方案逻辑复制 + 流复制主从复制 + Group Replication iDev 的选型建议 选 MySQL：快速开发的 Web 应用、已有 MySQL 技术栈的团队、读多写少的场景 选 PostgreSQL：数据分析类应用、需要 JSONB 或 GIS 功能、对数据完整性要求高的金融系统 在 iDev 的项目中，我们根据客户需求灵活选择。对于大多数企业官网和管理后台，MySQL 足够胜任；对于复杂的数据分析和地理信息系统，我们选择 PostgreSQL。
Positioning Differences MySQL is known for being "simple, fast, and reliable" — the default choice for web applications. PostgreSQL is renowned for "feature-rich, standards-compliant" — excelling in complex queries and data integrity. Performance Comparison Read/Write Performance For simple CRUD operations, MySQL (especially with InnoDB) slightly outperforms PostgreSQL. However, for complex queries (multi-table JOINs, subqueries, window functions), PostgreSQL's query optimizer is significantly stronger. Concurrency PostgreSQL's MVCC implementation is more mature, performing more consistently under high concurrent write loads. MySQL has advantages in high concurrent read scenarios. Feature Comparison FeaturePostgreSQLMySQL JSON SupportJSONB (indexable, excellent performance)JSON (improving) Full-Text SearchBuilt-in, CJK supportBuilt-in, CJK needs plugins GIS SupportPostGIS (industry standard)Basic spatial functions ExtensibilityRich plugin ecosystemRelatively limited ReplicationLogical + StreamingMaster-Slave + Group Replication iDev's Recommendations Choose MySQL: Rapid web app development, teams with existing MySQL expertise, read-heavy workloads Choose PostgreSQL: Data analytics applications, JSONB or GIS requirements, financial systems requiring high data integrity At iDev, we choose flexibly based on client needs. For most corporate websites and admin backends, MySQL is more than sufficient. For complex data analysis and geographic information systems, we choose PostgreSQL.